Devil - Revision history

http://succubus.net/wiki/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Devil Devil - Revision history 2026-09-16T20:23:59Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.43.8 http://succubus.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devil&diff=30628&oldid=prev TeraS at 20:21, 3 November 2014 2014-11-03T20:21:08Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:21, 3 November 2014</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l38">Line 38:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 38:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to Muslim theology, Iblis was expelled from the grace of God when he disobeyed God by choosing not to pay homage to Adam, the father of all mankind. He claimed to be superior to Adam, on the grounds that man was created of earth unlike himself. As for the angels, they prostrated before Adam to show their homage and obedience to God. However, Iblis, adamant in his view that man is inferior, and unlike angels was given the ability to choose, made a choice of not obeying God. This caused him to be expelled by God, a fact that Iblis blamed on humanity. Initially, the Devil was successful in deceiving Adam, but once his intentions became clear, Adam and Eve repented to God and were freed from their misdeeds and forgiven. God gave them a strong warning about Iblis and the fires of Hell and asked them and their children (humankind) to stay away from the deceptions of their senses caused by the Devil.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to Muslim theology, Iblis was expelled from the grace of God when he disobeyed God by choosing not to pay homage to Adam, the father of all mankind. He claimed to be superior to Adam, on the grounds that man was created of earth unlike himself. As for the angels, they prostrated before Adam to show their homage and obedience to God. However, Iblis, adamant in his view that man is inferior, and unlike angels was given the ability to choose, made a choice of not obeying God. This caused him to be expelled by God, a fact that Iblis blamed on humanity. Initially, the Devil was successful in deceiving Adam, but once his intentions became clear, Adam and Eve repented to God and were freed from their misdeeds and forgiven. God gave them a strong warning about Iblis and the fires of Hell and asked them and their children (humankind) to stay away from the deceptions of their senses caused by the Devil.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to the verses of the Qur’an, the Devil's mission until the Qiyamah or Resurrection Day (''yaum-ul-qiyama'') is to deceive Adam's children (mankind). After that, he will be put into the fires of Hell along with those whom he has deceived. The Devil is also referred to as one of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>jinn<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, as they are all created from the smokeless fire. The Qur'an does not depict Iblis as the enemy of God, as God is supreme over all his creations and Iblis is just one of his creations. Iblis's single enemy is humanity. He intends to discourage humans from obeying God. Thus, humankind is warned to struggle (''jihad'') against the mischiefs of Satan and temptations he puts them in. The ones who succeed in this are rewarded with Paradise (''jannath ul firdaus''), attainable only by righteous conduct.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to the verses of the Qur’an, the Devil's mission until the Qiyamah or Resurrection Day (''yaum-ul-qiyama'') is to deceive Adam's children (mankind). After that, he will be put into the fires of Hell along with those whom he has deceived. The Devil is also referred to as one of the jinn, as they are all created from the smokeless fire. The Qur'an does not depict Iblis as the enemy of God, as God is supreme over all his creations and Iblis is just one of his creations. Iblis's single enemy is humanity. He intends to discourage humans from obeying God. Thus, humankind is warned to struggle (''jihad'') against the mischiefs of Satan and temptations he puts them in. The ones who succeed in this are rewarded with Paradise (''jannath ul firdaus''), attainable only by righteous conduct.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Bahá'í Faith ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Bahá'í Faith ===</div></td></tr> </table>

TeraS http://succubus.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devil&diff=30627&oldid=prev TeraS at 20:19, 3 November 2014 2014-11-03T20:19:44Z

<p></p> <a href="//succubus.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devil&diff=30627&oldid=8557">Show changes</a>

TeraS http://succubus.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devil&diff=8557&oldid=prev TeraS: /* Titles */ 2010-10-29T18:46:31Z

<p><span class="autocomment">Titles</span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:46, 29 October 2010</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l119">Line 119:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 119:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Iblis]], the devil in Islam</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Iblis]], the devil in Islam</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Underworld|Lord of the underworld]] / Lord of [[Hell]] / Lord of this World</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Underworld|Lord of the underworld]] / Lord of [[Hell]] / Lord of this World</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Lucifer]] / The Morning Star (Greek and Roman): bringer of light, illuminator; the planet <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Venus<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, often portrayed as Satan's name before he fell</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Lucifer]] / The Morning Star (Greek and Roman): bringer of light, illuminator; the planet Venus, often portrayed as Satan's name before he fell</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Leviathan]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Leviathan]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Mephistopheles]], Mephisto (Greek): that, which avoids the light</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Mephistopheles]], Mephisto (Greek): that, which avoids the light</div></td></tr> </table>

TeraS http://succubus.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devil&diff=8556&oldid=prev TeraS at 18:45, 29 October 2010 2010-10-29T18:45:26Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:45, 29 October 2010</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l151">Line 151:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 151:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* see also [[Satan]] for more titles</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* see also [[Satan]] for more titles</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''The Origin of Satan'', by Elaine Pagels (Vintage Books, New York 1995) explores the development, the "demonization" of the character of Satan against the background of the bitter struggle between the early <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Christian </del>Church<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Church]] </del>and the Synagogue to be the legitimate heir of ancient Hebrew religious tradition. She discusses how Satan becomes a figure that reflects our own hatreds and prejudices, and the struggle between our loving selves and our fearful, combative selves.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''The Origin of Satan'', by Elaine Pagels (Vintage Books, New York 1995) explores the development, the "demonization" of the character of Satan against the background of the bitter struggle between the early Church and the Synagogue to be the legitimate heir of ancient Hebrew religious tradition. She discusses how Satan becomes a figure that reflects our own hatreds and prejudices, and the struggle between our loving selves and our fearful, combative selves.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''The Old Enemy: Satan & the Combat Myth'', by Neil Forsyth (Princeton, New Jersey, 1987) seeks to show how Satan emerged from ancient mythological traditions and is best understood not as a principle of evil, but as a narrative character in the context of "the Combat Myth". Forsyth tells the Devil's story from the Epic of Gilgamesh through to the writings of St. Augustine.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''The Old Enemy: Satan & the Combat Myth'', by Neil Forsyth (Princeton, New Jersey, 1987) seeks to show how Satan emerged from ancient mythological traditions and is best understood not as a principle of evil, but as a narrative character in the context of "the Combat Myth". Forsyth tells the Devil's story from the Epic of Gilgamesh through to the writings of St. Augustine.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity'', by Jeffrey Burton Russell, Meridian, New York 1977) is "a history of the personification of evil" which, to make things clear, he calls "the Devil". Accessible and engaging, full of photographs illustrating the text, this is the first of a four volume series on the history of the concept of the Devil. The following volumes are, Satan: The Early Christian Tradition, Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages, and Mephistopheles: The Devil in the Modern World.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity'', by Jeffrey Burton Russell, Meridian, New York 1977) is "a history of the personification of evil" which, to make things clear, he calls "the Devil". Accessible and engaging, full of photographs illustrating the text, this is the first of a four volume series on the history of the concept of the Devil. The following volumes are, Satan: The Early Christian Tradition, Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages, and Mephistopheles: The Devil in the Modern World.</div></td></tr> </table>

TeraS http://succubus.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devil&diff=8555&oldid=prev TeraS: /* Judaism */ 2010-10-29T18:43:08Z

<p><span class="autocomment">Judaism</span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:43, 29 October 2010</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l10">Line 10:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 10:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Religious accounts ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Religious accounts ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Judaism ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Judaism ===</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In mainstream Judaism there is no concept of a devil like in mainstream Christianity or Islam. In Hebrew, the biblical word ''ha-satan'' (השָׂטָן) means "the adversary"<ref>For example in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{bibleverse||Numbers|</del>22:22<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|</del>HE<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </del>and Samuel 29:4 HE and other places, the word "adversary" appears in the translation, which in the original Hebrew is "ha-satan".</ref> or ''the obstacle'', or even "the prosecutor" (recognizing that God is viewed as the ultimate Judge).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In mainstream Judaism there is no concept of a devil like in mainstream Christianity or Islam. In Hebrew, the biblical word ''ha-satan'' (השָׂטָן) means "the adversary"<ref>For example in 22:22 HE and Samuel 29:4 HE and other places, the word "adversary" appears in the translation, which in the original Hebrew is "ha-satan".</ref> or ''the obstacle'', or even "the prosecutor" (recognizing that God is viewed as the ultimate Judge).</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Hebrew Apocrypha ====</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Hebrew Apocrypha ====</div></td></tr> </table>

TeraS http://succubus.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devil&diff=8554&oldid=prev TeraS at 18:41, 29 October 2010 2010-10-29T18:41:44Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:41, 29 October 2010</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4">Line 4:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 4:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Devil''' Greek: ''διάβολος'' or ''diávolos'' = 'slanderer' or 'accuser'<ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9030155</ref>) is believed in many religions and cultures to be a powerful, supernatural entity that is the personification of evil and the enemy of [[God]] and humankind. The Devil is commonly associated with heretics, infidels, and other unbelievers. The Abrahamic religions have variously regarded the Devil as a rebellious [[fallen angel]] or [[demon]] that tempts humans to sin or commit evil deeds. Others regard the Devil as an allegory that represents a crisis of faith, individualism, free will, wisdom and enlightenment. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Devil''' Greek: ''διάβολος'' or ''diávolos'' = 'slanderer' or 'accuser'<ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9030155</ref>) is believed in many religions and cultures to be a powerful, supernatural entity that is the personification of evil and the enemy of [[God]] and humankind. The Devil is commonly associated with heretics, infidels, and other unbelievers. The Abrahamic religions have variously regarded the Devil as a rebellious [[fallen angel]] or [[demon]] that tempts humans to sin or commit evil deeds. Others regard the Devil as an allegory that represents a crisis of faith, individualism, free will, wisdom and enlightenment. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In mainstream Christianity, God and the Devil are usually portrayed as fighting over the [[soul]]s of humans, with the Devil seeking to lure people away from [[God]] and into [[Hell]]. The Devil commands a force of evil angels, commonly known as [[demons]].<ref><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Bibleref|</del>Revelation<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|</del>12:9<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</del></ref> The Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) describes the Adversary (Ha-[[satan]]) as an angel who instigates tests upon humankind.<ref>1Chronicles 21:1<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</del></ref><ref>Job 1:11<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</del></ref> Many other religions have a trickster or tempter figure that is similar to the Devil. Modern conceptions of the Devil include the concept that it symbolizes humans' own lower nature or sinfulness. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In mainstream Christianity, God and the Devil are usually portrayed as fighting over the [[soul]]s of humans, with the Devil seeking to lure people away from [[God]] and into [[Hell]]. The Devil commands a force of evil angels, commonly known as [[demons]].<ref>Revelation 12:9</ref> The Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) describes the Adversary (Ha-[[satan]]) as an angel who instigates tests upon humankind.<ref>1Chronicles 21:1</ref><ref>Job 1:11</ref> Many other religions have a trickster or tempter figure that is similar to the Devil. Modern conceptions of the Devil include the concept that it symbolizes humans' own lower nature or sinfulness. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>People put the concept of the Devil to use in social and political conflicts, claiming that their opponents are influenced by the Devil or even willingly supporting the Devil. The Devil has also been used to explain why others hold beliefs that are considered to be false and ungodly.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>People put the concept of the Devil to use in social and political conflicts, claiming that their opponents are influenced by the Devil or even willingly supporting the Devil. The Devil has also been used to explain why others hold beliefs that are considered to be false and ungodly.</div></td></tr> </table>

TeraS http://succubus.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devil&diff=8552&oldid=prev TeraS at 18:38, 29 October 2010 2010-10-29T18:38:49Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:38, 29 October 2010</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Definitions]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Definitions]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Dablink|This is an overview of the Devil. For more specific versions, see [[Christian teaching about the Devil|Devil in Christianity]] and [[Devil (Islam)|Devil in Islam]].}}</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Codex Gigas devil.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Depiction of the Devil as seen in the ''Codex Gigas''.]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Other uses}}</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Devil''' Greek: ''διάβολος'' or ''diávolos'' = 'slanderer' or 'accuser'<ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9030155</ref>) is believed in many <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">religions </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cultures </ins>to be a powerful, supernatural entity that is the personification of evil and the enemy of [[God]] and humankind. The Devil is commonly associated with heretics, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">infidels</ins>, and other unbelievers. The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Abrahamic </ins>religions have variously regarded the Devil as a rebellious [[fallen angel]] or [[demon]] that tempts humans to sin or commit evil deeds. Others regard the Devil as an allegory that represents a crisis of faith, individualism, free will, wisdom and enlightenment. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{pp-semi|small=yes}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Refimprove|date=December 2007}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Codex Gigas devil.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Depiction of the Devil as seen in the ''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Codex Gigas<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>''.]]</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Devil''' <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">([[</del>Greek <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">language|Greek]]</del>: ''διάβολος'' or ''diávolos'' = '<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[defamation|</del>slanderer<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>' or 'accuser'<ref><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"devil", ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 29 June 2007 <</del>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9030155<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">>.</del></ref>) is believed in many <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[religion]]s </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[culture]]s </del>to be a powerful, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>supernatural<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>entity that is the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>personification<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>evil<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>and the enemy of [[God]] and humankind. The Devil is commonly associated with <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Heresy|</del>heretics<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[infidel]]s</del>, and other unbelievers. The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Abraham]]ic </del>religions have variously regarded the Devil as a rebellious [[fallen angel]] or [[demon]] that tempts humans to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>sin<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>or commit <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>evil<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>deeds. Others regard the Devil as an <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>allegory<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>that represents a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>crisis of faith<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>individualism<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>free will<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>wisdom<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>and enlightenment. </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In mainstream Christianity, God and the Devil are usually portrayed as fighting over the [[soul]]s of humans, with the Devil seeking to lure people away from [[God]] and into [[Hell]]. The Devil commands a force of evil angels, commonly known as [[demons]].<ref>{{Bibleref|Revelation|12:9}}</ref> The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Hebrew Bible<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>(or Old Testament) describes the Adversary (Ha-[[satan]]) as an angel who instigates tests upon humankind.<ref><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Bibleref|</del>1Chronicles<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|</del>21:1}}</ref><ref><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Bibleref|</del>Job<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|</del>1:11}}</ref> Many other religions have a trickster or tempter figure that is similar to the Devil. Modern conceptions of the Devil include the concept that it symbolizes humans' own lower nature or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[sin]]fulness</del>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In mainstream Christianity, God and the Devil are usually portrayed as fighting over the [[soul]]s of humans, with the Devil seeking to lure people away from [[God]] and into [[Hell]]. The Devil commands a force of evil angels, commonly known as [[demons]].<ref>{{Bibleref|Revelation|12:9}}</ref> The Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) describes the Adversary (Ha-[[satan]]) as an angel who instigates tests upon humankind.<ref>1Chronicles 21:1}}</ref><ref>Job 1:11}}</ref> Many other religions have a trickster or tempter figure that is similar to the Devil. Modern conceptions of the Devil include the concept that it symbolizes humans' own lower nature or <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sinfulness</ins>. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>People put the concept of the Devil to use in social and political conflicts, claiming that their opponents are influenced by the Devil or even willingly supporting the Devil. The Devil has also been used to explain why others hold beliefs that are considered to be false and ungodly.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>People put the concept of the Devil to use in social and political conflicts, claiming that their opponents are influenced by the Devil or even willingly supporting the Devil. The Devil has also been used to explain why others hold beliefs that are considered to be false and ungodly.</div></td></tr> </table>

TeraS http://succubus.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devil&diff=8551&oldid=prev TeraS: /* Judaism */ 2010-10-29T18:27:45Z

<p><span class="autocomment">Judaism</span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:27, 29 October 2010</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19">Line 19:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Religious accounts ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Religious accounts ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Judaism ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Judaism ===</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In mainstream <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Judaism<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>there is no concept of a devil like in mainstream Christianity or Islam. In <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Hebrew <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">language|Hebrew]]</del>, the biblical word ''ha-satan'' (השָׂטָן) means "the adversary"<ref>For example in {{bibleverse||Numbers|22:22|HE}} and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{bibleverse||</del>Samuel<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|</del>29:4<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|</del>HE<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </del>and other places, the word "adversary" appears in the translation, which in the original Hebrew is "ha-satan".</ref> or ''the obstacle'', or even "the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>prosecutor<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>" (recognizing that God is viewed as the ultimate <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Judge<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In mainstream Judaism there is no concept of a devil like in mainstream Christianity or Islam. In Hebrew, the biblical word ''ha-satan'' (השָׂטָן) means "the adversary"<ref>For example in {{bibleverse||Numbers|22:22|HE}} and Samuel 29:4 HE and other places, the word "adversary" appears in the translation, which in the original Hebrew is "ha-satan".</ref> or ''the obstacle'', or even "the prosecutor" (recognizing that God is viewed as the ultimate Judge).</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Hebrew Apocrypha ====</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Hebrew Apocrypha ====</div></td></tr> </table>

TeraS http://succubus.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devil&diff=8550&oldid=prev TeraS: /* Hebrew Apocrypha */ 2010-10-29T18:26:35Z

<p><span class="autocomment">Hebrew Apocrypha</span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:26, 29 October 2010</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l22">Line 22:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 22:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Hebrew Apocrypha ====</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Hebrew Apocrypha ====</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>The Apocrypha<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>are religious writings which are not generally accepted as scripture by <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Judaism<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>and many modern-day Protestant sects of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Christianity<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>. In the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Book of Wisdom<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, the devil is represented as the one who brought death into the world.<ref>"But by the envy of the devil, death came into the world" - Book of Wisdom II. 24</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Apocrypha are religious writings which are not generally accepted as scripture by Judaism and many modern-day Protestant sects of Christianity. In the Book of Wisdom, the devil is represented as the one who brought death into the world.<ref>"But by the envy of the devil, death came into the world" - Book of Wisdom II. 24</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The 2nd Book of Enoch, also called the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[2 Enoch|</del>Slavonic Book of Enoch<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, contains references to a Watcher <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Grigori<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>called Satanael.<ref><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>2 Enoch<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>18:3</ref> It is a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>pseudepigraphic<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>text of an uncertain date and unknown authorship. The text describes Satanael as being the prince of the Grigori who was cast out of heaven<ref>"And I threw him out from the height with his angels, and he was flying in the air continuously above the bottomless" - <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>2 Enoch<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>29:4</ref> and an evil spirit who knew the difference between what was "righteous" and "sinful".<ref>"The devil is the evil spirit of the lower places, as a fugitive he made Sotona from the heavens as his name was Satanail, thus he became different from the angels, but his nature did not change his intelligence as far as his understanding of righteous and sinful things" - <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>2 Enoch<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>31:4</ref> A similar story is found in the book of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>1 Enoch<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>; however, in that book, the leader of the Grigori is called <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Samyaza|</del>Semjâzâ<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The 2nd Book of Enoch, also called the Slavonic Book of Enoch, contains references to a Watcher Grigori called Satanael.<ref>2 Enoch 18:3</ref> It is a pseudepigraphic text of an uncertain date and unknown authorship. The text describes Satanael as being the prince of the Grigori who was cast out of heaven<ref>"And I threw him out from the height with his angels, and he was flying in the air continuously above the bottomless" - 2 Enoch 29:4</ref> and an evil spirit who knew the difference between what was "righteous" and "sinful".<ref>"The devil is the evil spirit of the lower places, as a fugitive he made Sotona from the heavens as his name was Satanail, thus he became different from the angels, but his nature did not change his intelligence as far as his understanding of righteous and sinful things" - 2 Enoch 31:4</ref> A similar story is found in the book of 1 Enoch; however, in that book, the leader of the Grigori is called Semjâzâ.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the apocryphal literature, Satan rules over a host of angels.<ref>''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Martyrdom of Isaiah<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>'', 2:2; ''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Vita Adæ et Evæ<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>'', 16)</ref> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Mastema<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, who induced God to test Abraham through the sacrifice of Isaac, is identical with Satan in both name and nature.<ref><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Book of Jubilees<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, xvii. 18</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the apocryphal literature, Satan rules over a host of angels.<ref>''Martyrdom of Isaiah'', 2:2; ''Vita Adæ et Evæ'', 16)</ref> Mastema, who induced God to test Abraham through the sacrifice of Isaac, is identical with Satan in both name and nature.<ref>Book of Jubilees, xvii. 18</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Chasidic Jews<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>of the eighteenth century, Ha-satan was ''Baal Davar''.<ref>The Dictionary of Angels" by Gustav Davidson, © 1967</ref> The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Book of Enoch<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>contains references to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Satariel<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, thought also to be <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Sataniel<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Satanel|</del>Satan'el<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>(etymology dating back to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Babylonian<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>origins). The similar spellings mirror that of his angelic brethren <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Michael <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(archangel)|Michael]]</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Raphael (angel)|</del>Raphael<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Uriel<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Gabriel<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, previous to his expulsion from Heaven.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For the Chasidic Jews of the eighteenth century, Ha-satan was ''Baal Davar''.<ref>The Dictionary of Angels" by Gustav Davidson, © 1967</ref> The Book of Enoch contains references to Satariel, thought also to be Sataniel and Satan'el (etymology dating back to Babylonian origins). The similar spellings mirror that of his angelic brethren Michael, Raphael, Uriel and Gabriel, previous to his expulsion from Heaven.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Christianity ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Christianity ===</div></td></tr> </table>

TeraS http://succubus.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devil&diff=8549&oldid=prev TeraS: /* Christianity */ 2010-10-29T18:22:39Z

<p><span class="autocomment">Christianity</span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:22, 29 October 2010</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l34">Line 34:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 34:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In mainstream Christianity the Devil is known as [[Satan]] and sometimes as [[Lucifer]], although it has been noted that the reference in Isaiah 14:12 to Lucifer, or the Son of the Morning, is a reference to the Babylonian king.<ref>See, for example, the entries in [http://studylight.org/con/ntb/view.cgi?number=T3103 Nave's Topical Bible], the [http://studylight.org/dic/hbd/view.cgi?number=T3937 Holman Bible Dictionary] and the [http://studylight.org/com/acc/view.cgi?book=isa&chapter=14&verse=12#Isa14_12 Adam Clarke Commentary].</ref> Many modern Christians consider the Devil to be an angel who, along with one-third of the angelic host (the demons) rebelled against [[God]] and has consequently been condemned to the Lake of Fire. He is described as hating all humanity, or more accurately creation, opposing God, spreading lies and wreaking havoc on the souls of mankind. Other Christians consider the devil in the Bible to refer figuratively to human sin and temptation and to any human system in opposition to God.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In mainstream Christianity the Devil is known as [[Satan]] and sometimes as [[Lucifer]], although it has been noted that the reference in Isaiah 14:12 to Lucifer, or the Son of the Morning, is a reference to the Babylonian king.<ref>See, for example, the entries in [http://studylight.org/con/ntb/view.cgi?number=T3103 Nave's Topical Bible], the [http://studylight.org/dic/hbd/view.cgi?number=T3937 Holman Bible Dictionary] and the [http://studylight.org/com/acc/view.cgi?book=isa&chapter=14&verse=12#Isa14_12 Adam Clarke Commentary].</ref> Many modern Christians consider the Devil to be an angel who, along with one-third of the angelic host (the demons) rebelled against [[God]] and has consequently been condemned to the Lake of Fire. He is described as hating all humanity, or more accurately creation, opposing God, spreading lies and wreaking havoc on the souls of mankind. Other Christians consider the devil in the Bible to refer figuratively to human sin and temptation and to any human system in opposition to God.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Satan is often identified as the serpent who convinced Eve to eat the forbidden fruit; thus, Satan has often been depicted as a serpent. Though this identification is not present in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Adam and Eve<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>narrative, this interpretation goes back at least as far as the time of the writing of the book of Revelation, which specifically identifies Satan as being the serpent (Rev. 20:2).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Satan is often identified as the serpent who convinced Eve to eat the forbidden fruit; thus, Satan has often been depicted as a serpent. Though this identification is not present in the Adam and Eve narrative, this interpretation goes back at least as far as the time of the writing of the book of Revelation, which specifically identifies Satan as being the serpent (Rev. 20:2).</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the Bible, the devil is identified with "The dragon" and "the old serpent" in the Book of Revelation 12:9, 20:2 have also been identified with Satan, as have "the prince of this world" in the Book of John 12:31, 14:30; "the prince of the power of the air" also called Meririm, and "the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience" in the Book of Ephesians 2:2; and "the god of this world" in 2 Corinthians 4:4.<ref><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{bibleverse|</del>2<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|</del>Corinthians<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|</del>2:2<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</del></ref>. He is also identified as the dragon in the Book of Revelation (e.g.<ref><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[s:Bible (American Standard)/Revelation#Chapter 12|</del>Rev. 12:9<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del></ref>), and the tempter of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Gospels<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>(e.g.<ref><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#Chapter 4|</del>Mat. 4:1<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del></ref>).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the Bible, the devil is identified with "The dragon" and "the old serpent" in the Book of Revelation 12:9, 20:2 have also been identified with Satan, as have "the prince of this world" in the Book of John 12:31, 14:30; "the prince of the power of the air" also called Meririm, and "the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience" in the Book of Ephesians 2:2; and "the god of this world" in 2 Corinthians 4:4.<ref>2 Corinthians 2:2</ref>. He is also identified as the dragon in the Book of Revelation (e.g.<ref>Rev. 12:9</ref>), and the tempter of the Gospels (e.g.<ref>Mat. 4:1</ref>).</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Beelzebub]] is originally the name of a Philistine god (more specifically a certain type of [[Baal]], from ''Ba‘al Zebûb'', lit. "Lord of Flies") but is also used in the New Testament as a synonym for Satan. A corrupted version, "Belzeboub," appears in The Divine Comedy.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Beelzebub]] is originally the name of a Philistine god (more specifically a certain type of [[Baal]], from ''Ba‘al Zebûb'', lit. "Lord of Flies") but is also used in the New Testament as a synonym for Satan. A corrupted version, "Belzeboub," appears in The Divine Comedy.</div></td></tr> </table>

TeraS