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'''God''' is a deity in theistic and deistic religions and other belief systems, representing either the ''sole'' deity in monotheism, or a ''principal'' deity in polytheism.<ref name=Swinburne>Swinburne, R.G. "God" in Honderich, Ted. (ed)''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy'', Oxford University Press, 1995.</ref> | '''God''' is a deity in theistic and deistic religions and other belief systems, representing either the ''sole'' deity in monotheism, or a ''principal'' deity in polytheism.<ref name=Swinburne>Swinburne, R.G. "God" in Honderich, Ted. (ed)''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy'', Oxford University Press, 1995.</ref> | ||
God is most often conceived of as the supernatural creator and overseer of the universe. Theologians have ascribed a variety of attributes to the many different conceptions of God. The most common among these include omniscience, omnipotence, omnipresence, omnibenevolence (perfect goodness), divine simplicity, and eternal and necessary existence. God has also been conceived as being incorporeal, a personal being, the source of all moral obligation, and the "greatest conceivable existent".<ref name=Swinburne/> These attributes were all supported to varying degrees by the early Jewish, Christian and Muslim theologian philosophers, including Maimonides,<ref name=Edwards /> The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1995.</ref> and Al-Ghazali,<ref name=Platinga>Platinga, Alvin. "God, Arguments for the Existence of," ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', Routledge, 2000.</ref> respectively. Many notable medieval philosophers developed arguments for the existence of God,<ref name="Plantinga" /> attempting to wrestle with the apparent contradictions implied by many of these attributes. | God is most often conceived of as the supernatural creator and overseer of the universe. Theologians have ascribed a variety of attributes to the many different conceptions of God. The most common among these include omniscience, omnipotence, omnipresence, omnibenevolence (perfect goodness), divine simplicity, and eternal and necessary existence. God has also been conceived as being incorporeal, a personal being, the source of all moral obligation, and the "greatest conceivable existent".<ref name=Swinburne/> These attributes were all supported to varying degrees by the early Jewish, Christian and Muslim theologian philosophers, including Maimonides,<ref name=Edwards /> The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1995.<ref name = Edwards>Edwards, Paul. "God and the philosophers" in Honderich, Ted. (ed)The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1995.</ref> and Al-Ghazali,<ref name=Platinga>Platinga, Alvin. "God, Arguments for the Existence of," ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', Routledge, 2000.</ref> respectively. Many notable medieval philosophers developed arguments for the existence of God,<ref name="Plantinga" /> attempting to wrestle with the apparent contradictions implied by many of these attributes. | ||
== Etymology and usage == | == Etymology and usage == | ||